A major exhibition that explores the connections made by Richard Diebenkorn (1922-1993) with Henri Matisse (1869-1954) is currently on view at the Baltimore Museum of Art, which holds the largest collection of works by the French Modernist in America.

Diebenkorn, known today more for the large abstractions through which he sought to convey the emotive qualities of California light and space, began to study the works of Matisse in both public exhibitions [SFMOMA, the Baltimore Museum of Art, MoMA, the Philadelphia Museum of Art], and in the private collection of Sarah Stein during the late 1950s and early ‘60s when he began to receive critical acclaim for his pared down representational paintings. During this period he produced many large-scale, complex works on paper, in which he took realism through an arc of abstraction, then adding a touch of realism that made these landscapes, still lifes and architectural studies finished works on their own.

The Museum of Modern Art presented a major exhibition of Diebenkorn’s drawings, organized by John Elderfield, in 1988. Comprised of over 180 works ranging from sketches to finished works as highly developed as any of the artist’s paintings, the show revealed the importance his study of works by Matisse had had on his own art and process. Info Today, this connection is made evident again in the exhibition in Baltimore—inspired by a Diebenkorn drawing of a seated woman [below, right] in the collection that echoed Matisse’s drawings of reclining models [below, left].

Left: Matisse, Reclining Model with a Flowered Robe, c. 1923. The Baltimore Museum of Art © 2016 Succession H. Matisse/ARS NY. Right: Diebenkorn, Woman Seated in a Chair, 1963. The Baltimore Museum of Art © 2016 The Richard Diebenkorn Foundation.

While Matisse and Diebenkorn were separated by time and distance, their cultures and immediate concerns quite different, both were deeply engaged in a struggle to avoid simple description in their art. Even in Diebenkorn’s “representational” paintings of the 1950s, he reduced landscape, still life and figure studies to elemental passages that, in their telegraphic depictions of space and matter suggest that time has escaped before leaving its mark. Like Matisse, he sought to shape interiors using flat planes of color, somehow ordering the clutter of the studio into a harmony of forms. The women he drew, often in staccato bursts of charcoal, exude the kind of “luxe, calme, et volupte” sensuality that Matisse made central to his figural works.

Left: Matisse, Goldfish and Palette, 1914; Right: Diebenkorn, Window, 1967. The Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts at Stanford University. © 2016 The Richard Diebenkorn Foundation.

Both artists repeatedly portrayed their studios, merging interior space with the surrounding landscape, comgining the seclusion of a very private workspace with the atmosphere of their chosen locales. Diebenkorn had relocated from San Francisco to the Ocean Park neighborhood of Santa Monica in 1966; it was here that he created the eponymous series in which he abstracted the light and atmosphere of the nearby Pacific Ocean into compositions whose foundations can be traced to a number of Matisse’s majestic interiors, such as Goldfish and Palette, 1914, and the astonishing French Window at Collioure, 1914, in which black becomes a primary color.

In liberating color from a descriptive tool to a design principle, Matisse paved the way for what followed, from the cubism of Picasso and Braque to the elemental abstraction of Mark Rothko—and to Richard Diebenkorn’s intense poetics of space in the Ocean Park series.

Matisse/Diebenkorn continues through January 29 at the Baltimore Museum of Art. 10 Museum Drive, Baltimore, MD. Info On January 12, 7 pm. Senior Curator Katy Rothkopf gives a talk on the exhibition. Info

On March 11, Matisse/Diebenkorn opens at SFMOMA, which co-organized the exhibition. 151 Third Street, San Francisco, CA. Info